Increasing water application efficiency at paddy field plot with application of evaporative irrigation (theoretical study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31028/ji.v14.i1.46-53Keywords:
evaporative irrigation, controller pipe, crop water requirement, water balance, plot channelAbstract
Increased awareness of precision agriculture in water management, requires various ideas and methods for its application in the fields. One idea that can be categorized into precision farming as well as appropriate technology, is evaporative irrigation. Evaporative irrigation is an idea to control the provision of irrigation water based on the direct response of plant water needs, namely evapotranspiration. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine the theoretical aspects of the evaporative irrigation to be applied to plots of rice fields in a plot of plots with irrigation units, (2) laying out design principles for evaporative irrigation valve closures. The results showed that, theoretically, a controller pipe was needed which would be an indicator for thick water in the plot of rice fields. The pipe controller regulates the opening of the irrigation lid to the plot based on the float-ballast principle. The design principle is carried out by simulating the reduction in the controller water level of the controller which illustrates the decrease in thick water plots. Water depth that is still tolerated for rice growth will be the limit for the provision of irrigation water to the plots. Amount of irrigation water provided is equal to the value of plant water needs in the ongoing rice growth phase. One example of the design of the controller pipe water level to start and stop irrigation is at 117.8 mm water level and 300 mm respectively. The total water needs of one crop-season is calculated to be 625 mm. With the application of evaporative irrigation, the initial conditions of sufficient water do not require the provision of irrigation water until the 31st day. Irrigation water application after that, until harvesting, requires only 477 mm. Giving this water follows the plant water requirements calculated on a day-to-day basis.
Downloads
References
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements (FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization.
Amin, M. S. M., Rowshon, M. K., & Aimrun, W. (2011). Paddy Water Management for Precision Farming of Rice. Current Issues of Water Management. InTech, 107-142.
Ardiansyah. (2008). Estimation of Evapotranspiration in Cultivated and Uncultivated Paddy Field in Tropical Watershed (Doctoral Thesis). The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Arif, C., Setiawan, B. I., Mizoguchi, M., & Doi, R. (2012). Estimation of water balance components in paddy fields under non-flooded irrigation regimes by using excel solver. Journal of Agronomy, 11(2), 53-59. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3923/ja.2012.53.59
Arif, C., Setiawan, B. I., Sofiyuddin, H. A., Martief, L. M., Mizoguchi, M., & Ryoichi, D. O. I. (2012). Estimating crop coefficient in intermittent irrigation paddy fields using excel solver. Rice Science, 19(2), 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6308(12)60033-X
Bhadra, A., Bandyopadhyay, A., Singh, R., & Raghuwanshi, N. S. (2013). Development of a user friendly water balance model for paddy. Paddy and Water Environment, 11(1-4), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-012-0324-4
Bittelli, M., Campbell, G. S., & Tomei, F. (2015). Soil physics with Python: transport in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Oxford, England: Oxforn University Press.
Dash, C. J., Sarangi, A., Singh, D. K., Singh, A. K., & Adhikary, P. P. (2015). Prediction of root zone water and nitrogen balance in an irrigated rice field using a simulation model. Paddy and Water Environment, 13(3), 281-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-014-0439-x
Fajar, A., Purwanto, M. Y. J., & Tarigan, S. D. (2016). Efisiensi sistem irigasi pipa untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kelayakan pemberian air dalam pengelolaan air irigasi. Jurnal Irigasi, 11(1), 33-42.
Fan, J., McConkey, B., Wang, H., & Janzen, H. (2016). Root distribution by depth for temperate agricultural crops. Field Crops Research, 189, 68-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.02.013
Gutiérrez, J., Villa-Medina, J. F., Nieto-Garibay, A., & Porta-Gándara, M. Ã. (2014). Automated irrigation system using a wireless sensor network and GPRS module. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 63(1), 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2013.2276487
Kamal, R. M., & Amin, M. S. M. (2010). GIS-based irrigation water management for precision farming of rice. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 3(3), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.issn.1934-6344.2010.01.027-035
Kulkarni, S. (2011). Innovative technologies for water saving in irrigated agriculture. International Journal of Water Resources and Arid Environments, 1(3), 226-231.
Li, S., Zuo, Q., Wang, X., Ma, W., Jin, X., Shi, J., & Ben-Gal, A. (2017). Characterizing roots and water uptake in a ground cover rice production system. PloS One, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180713
Liu, C.-W., Chen, S.-K., Jou, S.-W., & Kuo, S.-F. (2001). Estimation of the infiltration rate of a paddy field in Yun-Lin, Taiwan. Agricultural Systems, 68(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(00)00062-7
Mangrio, M. A., Mirjat, M. S., Leghari, N., Zardari, N. H., & Shaikh, I. A. (2015). Evaluating water application efficiencies of surface irrigation methods at farmers field. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences, 31(2), 279-288.
McCulloch, J., McCarthy, P., Guru, S. M., Peng, W., Hugo, D., & Terhorst, A. (2008). Wireless sensor network deployment for water use efficiency in irrigation. Dalam Proceedings of the workshop on Real-world wireless sensor networks (pp. 46-50). Glasgow, Scotland: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1435473.1435487
Olchev, A., Ibrom, A., Priess, J., Erasmi, S., Leemhuis, C., Twele, A., Gravenhorst, G. (2008). Effects of land-use changes on evapotranspiration of tropical rain forest margin area in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia): Modelling study with a regional SVAT model. The Fifth European Conference on Ecological Modelling, 212(1-2), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.10.022
OShaughnessy, S. A., Evett, S. R., Colaizzi, P. D., & Howell, T. A. (2012). A crop water stress index and time threshold for automatic irrigation scheduling of grain sorghum. Agricultural Water Management, 107, 122-132.
Rahayu, A., Utami, S. R., & Rayes, M. L. (2017). Karakteristik dan Klasifikasi Tanah pada Lahan Kering dan Lahan yang Disawahkan di Kecamatan Perak Kabupaten Jombang. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 1(2), 79-87.
Romero, R., Muriel, J. L., GarcÃa, I., & de la Peña, D. M. (2012). Research on automatic irrigation control: State of the art and recent results. Agricultural Water Management, 114, 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.06.026
Sarki, A., Mirjat, M. S., Mahessar, A. A., Kori, S. M., & Qureshi, A. L. (2014). Determination of saturated hydraulic conductivity of different soil texture materials. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7(12), 56-62.
Setiawan, B., Saptomo, S., Sofiyuddin, H., & Gardjito. (2011). Wireless automatic irrigation to enhance water management in SRI paddy field. Dipresentasikan dalam The Regional Symposium on Engineering & Technology:†Opportunities and Challenges for Regional Cooperations in Green Engineering and Technologyâ€, Kuching, Serawak, Malaysia.
Vu, S. H., Watanabe, H., & Takagi, K. (2005). Application of FAO-56 for evaluating evapotranspiration in simulation of pollutant runoff from paddy rice field in Japan. Agricultural Water Management, 76(3), 195-210.
Watanabe, T. (2018). Paddy Fields as Artificial and Temporal Wetland. In Irrigation in Agroecosystems. London, Inggris: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80581
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.