Pengembangan model jaringan saraf tiruan untuk menduga emisi gas rumah kaca dari lahan sawah dengan berbagai rejim air
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31028/ji.v10.i1.1-10Kata Kunci:
jaringan syaraf tiruan, lingkungan biofisik, sistem irigasi, emisi gas rumah kaca, padi sawahAbstrak
Makalah ini menyajikan model Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST) untuk memprediksi gas metan (CH4) dan Nitrous Oxide (N2O) yang diemisikan dari padi sawah dengan perlakukan berbagai pemberian air berdasarkan data parameter lingkungan biofisik di dalam tanah yang mudah diukur seperti kelembaban tanah, suhu tanah dan daya hantar listrik (DHL) tanah hanya dengan satu jenis sensor. Untuk melakukan validasi model, percobaan budidaya padi sawah di pot dilakukan di dua tempat berbeda, yaitu di rumah kaca, Meiji University, Kanagawa Jepang dari 4 Juni sampai 21 September 2012 dan di laboratorium Teknik Sumberdaya Air, Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan-IPB dari 2 Juli sampai 10 Oktober 2014. Di setiap lokasi, terdapat tiga percobaan pemberian air dengan mengadopsi metode budidaya System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Perlakuan tersebut diberi nama SRI Basah (disingkat SRI B1 dan SRI B2 untuk lokasi pertama dan kedua), SRI Sedang (SRI S1 dan SRI S2) dan SRI Kering (SRI K1 dan SRI K2). Perbedaan percobaan antar perlakuan adalah pengaturan tinggi muka disetiap umur tanaman. Dari model JST yang dikembangkan didapatkan hasil validasi dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.93 dan 0.70 untuk prediksi emisi gas CH4 dan N2O yang mengindikasikan bahwa model dapat diterima. Dari model tersebut, karakteristik emisi gas CH4 dan N2O terhadap perubahan parameter lingkungan biofisik dapat dijelaskan dengan baik. Untuk strategi mitigasi dari percobaan pemberian air yang dilakukan, pemberian air pada perlakuan SRI B1 dan B2 dengan menjaga jeluk muka air disekitar permukaan tanah merupakan strategi yang terbaik dengan indikator produksi tertinggi dan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) terendah.
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