Potensi pemanasan global dari padi sawah System of Rice Intensification (SRI) dengan berbagai ketinggian muka air tanah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31028/ji.v11.i2.81-90Kata Kunci:
gas rumah kaca, potensi pemanasan global, SRI, tinggi muka air tanah, rezim airAbstrak
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) merupakan budidaya alternatif padi sawah untuk mitigasi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK). Dua jenis GRK utama yang diemisikan dari padi sawah adalah gas metana (CH4) dan dinitrogen oksida (N2O). Gas tersebut memiliki respon berbeda terhadap keragaman ketersediaan air di lahan yang direpresentasikan dengan tinggi muka air tanah. Global Warming Potential (GWP) atau potensi pemanasan global digunakan untuk membandingkan potensi GRK dalam memanaskan bumi pada periode tertentu, dan disetarakan dengan nilai potensi gas CO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan potensi pemanasan global pada berbagai rezim air dengan ketinggian muka air yang berbeda di lahan sawah yang menerapkan SRI. Penelitian dilakukan pada budidaya padi sawah dengan tiga perlakuan rezim air selama satu musim tanam (14 April hingga 5 Agustus 2016) di plot percobaan laboratorium lapang Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan IPB, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Ketiga perlakuan rezim air tersebut adalah rezim tergenang, moderate dan kering . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rezim air kering menghasilkan potensi pemanasan global terendah dibandingkan kedua rezim yang lain. Nilai potensi pemanasan global yang dihasilkan adalah 34% dan 41% lebih rendah dibandingkan rezim air tergenang dan moderate. Rezim kering mampu meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman 21% lebih besar dibandingkan rezim air tergenang. Untuk memperkuat hasil yang diperoleh ini, maka penelitian lanjutan diperlukan dengan kondisi cuaca yang berbeda dan lokasi yang beragam.
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